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}} | latd=27 |latm=42 |latNS=N |longd=85 |longm=19 |longEW=E | largest_city = capital | government_type = Federal parliamentary republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Bidhya Devi Bhandari | leader_title2 = Prime Minister | leader_name2 = Khadga Prasad Sharma Oli | legislature = Constituent Assembly | area_km2 = 147,181 | area_sq_mi = 56,827 | area_rank = 95th | area_magnitude = 1 E10 | percent_water = 2.8 | population_estimate = | population_estimate_year = | population_estimate_rank = | population_census = 26,494,504〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/National%20Report.pdf )〕 | population_census_year = 2011 | population_density_km2 = 180 | population_density_sq_mi = 518 | population_density_rank = 62nd | GDP_PPP_year = 2013 | GDP_PPP = $62.384 billion〔http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP_PPP.pdf〕 | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = $2,310 〔http://databank.worldbank.org〕 | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2012 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $743〔 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = 2010 | Gini_change = | Gini = 32.8 | Gini_ref =〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 | Gini_rank = | HDI_year = 2014 | HDI_change = increase | HDI = 0.540 |HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = 145th | FSI = 9300.6 -19 | FSI_year = 2007 | FSI_rank = 1st | FSI_category = Alert | sovereignty_type = Unification | established_event1 = | established_date1 = 25 September 1768 | established_event2 = State declared | established_date2 = 15 January 2007 | established_event3 = | established_date3 = 28 May 2008 | currency = Nepalese Rupee | currency_code = NPR | time_zone = NPT | utc_offset = +05:45 | DST_note = | drives_on = left | calling_code = +977 | cctld = .np }} Nepal (; (ネパール語:नेपाल) ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA – The World Factbook )〕 is a landlocked country located in South Asia. With an area of and a population of approximately 27 million,〔 Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by area〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The World Factbook: Rank order population )〕 and the 41st most populous country. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by China and to the south, east, and west by India. Nepal is separated from Bangladesh by the narrow Indian Siliguri Corridor and from Bhutan by the Indian state of Sikkim. Kathmandu is the nation's capital city and largest metropolis. The mountainous north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest ((ネパール語:सगरमाथा) ''Sagarmāthā''). More than 250 peaks over above sea level are located in Nepal.〔Shaha (1992), p. 1.〕 The southern Terai region is fertile and humid. Hinduism is practiced by about 81.3% of Nepalis, the highest percentage of any country. Buddhism is linked historically with Nepal and is practiced by 9% of its people, followed by Islam at 4.4%, Kiratism 3.1%, Christianity 1.4%,〔 and animism 0.4%.〔(2011 Nepal Census Report )〕 A large portion of the population, especially in the hill region, may identify themselves as both Hindu and Buddhist, which can be attributed to the syncretic nature of both faiths in Nepal. A monarchy throughout most of its history, Nepal was ruled by the Shah dynasty of kings from 1768—when Prithvi Narayan Shah unified its many small kingdoms〔—until 2008. A decade-long Civil War involving the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), followed by weeks of mass protests by all major political parties, led to the 12-point agreement of 22 November 2005. The ensuing elections for the 1st Nepali Constituent Assembly on 28 May 2008 overwhelmingly favored the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a federal multiparty representative democratic republic. Despite continuing political challenges, this framework remained in place, with the 2nd Nepali Constituent Assembly elected in 2013 in an effort to create a new constitution. On September 20, 2015, the new constitution was announced by President Ram Baran Yadav in the Constituent Assembly. The Constituent Assembly was transformed into a legislative parliament. The new constitution established Nepal as a federal democratic country by making seven unnamed states.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-26116387 )〕 Nepal is a developing country with a low income economy, ranking 145th of 187 countries on the Human Development Index (HDI) in 2014. It continues to struggle with high levels of hunger and poverty. Despite these challenges, Nepal has been making steady progress, with the government making a commitment to graduate the nation from least developed country status by 2022. ==Etymology== Local legends say that a Hindu sage named "Ne" established himself in the valley of Kathmandu in prehistoric times and that the word "Nepal" came into existence as the place was protected ("pala" in Pali) by the sage "Ne". It is mentioned in Vedic texts that this region was called Nepal centuries ago. According to the ''Skanda Purana'', a rishi called "Ne" or "Nemuni" used to live in the Himalayas. In the ''Pashupati Purana'', he is mentioned as a saint and a protector.〔Prasad, P. 4 ''The life and times of Maharaja Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana of Nepal''〕 He is said to have practised meditation at the Bagmati and Kesavati rivers〔Khatri, P. 16 ''The Postage Stamps of Nepal''〕 and to have taught there.〔W.B., P. 34 ''Land of the Gurkhas''〕 The name of the country is also identical in origin to the name of the Newar people. The terms "Nepāl", "Newār", "Newāl" and "Nepār" are phonetically different forms of the same word, and instances of the various forms appear in texts in different times in history. Nepal is the learned Sanskrit form and Newar is the colloquial Prakrit form.〔 Page 7.〕 A Sanskrit inscription dated 512 CE found in Tistung, a valley to the west of Kathmandu, contains the phrase "greetings to the Nepals" indicating that the term "Nepal" was used to refer to both the country and the people.〔 Page 1.〕 It has been suggested that "Nepal" may be a Sanskritization of "Newar", or "Newar" may be a later form of "Nepal".〔 Page 353.〕 According to another explanation, the words "Newar" and "Newari" are vulgarisms arising from the mutation of P to V, and L to R.〔 Page 51.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nepal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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